Understanding Quadratic Inequalities

A quadratic inequality involves a second-degree polynomial expression compared to another value, typically zero. These comparisons utilize inequality symbols such as greater than (>), greater than or equal to (≥), less than (<), or less than or equal to (≤). For example, a standard form is ax² + bx + c > 0. These expressions are fundamental in advanced algebra and calculus.

Graphing Method for Solving Quadratic Inequalities

To solve an inequality like ax² + bx + c > d graphically, follow a systematic approach:

  1. Plot the horizontal line representing y = d.
  2. Identify intersection points by solving the equation ax² + bx + (c - d) = 0.
  3. Sketch the parabola, noting its direction: upward if the coefficient 'a' is positive, downward if 'a' is negative.
  4. For a 'greater than' inequality, highlight the regions where the parabola lies strictly above the reference line.

Practical Examples of Graphing Quadratic Inequalities

Let's apply the method to concrete examples to solidify understanding.

Example 1: Graphing -x² + 3x - 2 ≥ 0

The coefficient of x² is negative, so its arms open downward. Solve -x² + 3x - 2 = 0 to find x-intercepts at x = 1 and x = 2. For the '≥' inequality, we seek where the parabola is on or above the axis. The solution is the interval where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, or [1, 2] in interval notation.

Example 2: Solving x² + 2x + 3 > 2

Rewrite as x² + 2x + 1 > 0, which simplifies to (x + 1)² > 0. The parabola touches the x-axis at x = -1. Since the inequality is strict (>), the solution includes all real numbers except x = -1, expressed as x ∈ ℝ \ {-1}.

Example 3: Analyzing 2x² + 3x + 4 < 1

Rewrite as 2x² + 3x + 3 < 0. The discriminant is negative, indicating no real roots, so the parabola never touches the line y=1. This upward-opening parabola lies entirely above y=1. The inequality seeks where it is below the line, resulting in no solution (x ∈ ∅).